Quality of Services in the Nandos Restaurant Business Free Essay Example, 3000 words

There are several service quality models, these include Gap model. This model involves measuring service attributes from exploratory qualitative investigations into the determinants of service quality. It was recognized as being the first study of service quality measurement. Authors have acknowledged conceptual difficulties concerning the definition of quality in services. This conceptual model of service quality identified five gaps. The first gap is between consumer expectation and management perception. The organization management assumes they are aware of what the customer wants, but delivers what customers do not expect. The second gap is between management perception and service quality specification. The quality specifications in this gap are not set, not well clarified or difficult to achieve. Gap 3 is between service quality specification and service delivery. It involves poor management in human, mechanical, or support goods. Gap 4 is between service delivery and external communications. Here communications increase expectations among customers that are not accomplished by the organization. Gap 5 is between perceived service and expected service. In this gap, the services delivered to customers does not match up with their initial expectations. We will write a custom essay sample on Quality of Services in the Nandos Restaurant Business or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page

Stereotypes Has The Role Of Peter Dinklage Progressed

Austin Oller Professor XXX Class Abreviation and Number 17 November 2014 Stereotypes: Has the Role of Peter Dinklage Progressed? In 1952 theorist Frantz Fanon wrote The Fact of Blackness, an article that illustrations the struggles of being an African- American in then modern-day America. Fanon suggested African Americans live with a prescribed stereotype of â€Å"blackness†. Because of the color of their skin, African- Americans have an image created for them. Due to this prescription, many individuals are unable to create their own persona. Fanon states that a black person is the slave of his or her own image. Today, there are many other stereotypes being placed on people just like blackness was placed on the African American community.†¦show more content†¦The most common type, called Achondroplasia is the cause of about 70 percent of all dwarfism. It makes your arms and legs shorter than that of your torso. Achondroplasia affects about 1 in 15,000 to 1 in 40,000 live births. To understand Fanon one must look back to the beginning of the cinema. Stereotypes were prevalent in movies since the beginning of the cinema. One of the first movies to show a stereotypes was the 1915 silent film Birth of a Nation. In the D.W. Griffith film the African American plays the stereotypical slave of the south after the civil war. In the article Hollywood, Black Animation, and the Problem of Representation, author Jennifer L. Barker shares a statement about her voice about black stereotypes: â€Å"Since the early twentieth century, critics, filmmakers, and actors such as W.E.B. Du Bois, Clarence Muse, Sidney Poitier, Spike Lee, and Henry Louis Gates Jr. have argued for various approaches to representing African Americans in film, and it is unlikely that this conversation will become simpler or more unified in the near future. In fact, conversations are bound to become more complex as the nature of racial identity in America has become more heterogeneous in the last few decades†. The image of â€Å"Blackness† was very prevalent in the classical Hollywood Period. Often depicted as mammies, coons or uncle toms during this period. In Boogle’s book Toms, Coons, Mulattoes, Mammies, and Bucks he writes

Research Knowledge and Assessment Free Essays

string(35) " related to the research question\." This essay explores how these queries may be conceptualized, described, valuated, and explained through investigative methods. Philosophy of Research Quantitative scientific research relies on data taken from empirical methods based on observation and experience (Myers Hanson, 2002; Stanchion Stanchion, 2003). These systematic empirical methods can be used as inferential mathematical tools for evaluating a sample from a population. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Knowledge and Assessment or any similar topic only for you Order Now Consequently, the empirical calculations of phenomena in a sample may be applied to an entire population from which the sample was derived (Ho, 201 0, p. ). Research Terminologies Certain terms in research connote philosophical approaches to obtaining ND evaluating information. Through the scientific process, research studies begin by developing questions or hypotheses, then collecting data to help answer the questions or test the hypotheses. Research data are collected, analyzed, and interpreted to reach conclusions (Ladino, Spaulding, Vogel, 201 0, p. 12). However, qualitative and quantitative studies have similarities and dissimilarities in the scientific process due to the different cognitive approaches in research designs. Qualitative studies utilize inductive reasoning while quantitative studies apply deductive logic (p. 10). Figure 1 illustrates the specifics, similarities, and differences of these concepts in qualitative and quantitative research paradigms. The scientific method, illustrated in figure 2, acquires and assesses knowledge through observation and experience (Drew, Yardman, Hose, 2008). The philosophy Of Positivism utilizes aspects of the scientific method in social research. Positivist researchers believe that only what is observed can be evaluated in an objective manner. This means that only observable behavior can be measured without regard to motives, perspectives, or feelings (Social Research Methods, 2006). Conversely, post positivist philosophy does not believe that Objectivity is infallible because knowledge is developed through social constructs and this knowledge cannot be divorced from personal perceptions which determine the legitimacy of wisdom (Ryan, 2006, p. 16). The foregoing statements suggest that post-positivists believe deductions from observations may be relative and inexact (p. 20). This lends credence to subjectivity in research evaluations (Ratter, 2002). Objectivity in Objectivity can be described as a mental state in which personal biases, preferences, and perspectives of researchers do not contaminate the election and analysis of data (Sociology Guide, 2014). Objectivity is paramount in ensuring the veracity of a study. However, in social and educational studies, objectivity presupposes a type of reality (Ratter, 2002). If that reality is created by the researcher or observer, then it may be more subjective than objective (p. 3). These ideas exemplify the challenges faced by those in qualitative or mixed-methods studies who must judge the depth or the breadth and depth of research findings, respectively (Walden University, n. D. ). Though quantitative research may appear objective through the use of thematic calculations, subjectivity may occur in deciding what data are to be measured and the types of measuring instruments to be employed (Slashing, 2003). Philosophical Developments in Research Scientific realism is a quantitative approach to research in which numerical formulas are used to analyze data, and these data are used to symbolize constructs and variables (Ladino, Spaulding, Vogel, 2010). Positivists utilize the tenets of scientific realism because they feel that the social and psychological world can be evaluated mathematically in the same way that quantitative research explains phenomena in the natural world Social constructivism states that phenomena must be understood (P. 3). As complex wholes and researchers must understand reality through the perspectives of the participants in a study. Social constructivism advocates hypotheses that are created to achieve meaning through multiple realities formed by diverse human perceptions in a social world. Social constructivism is commonly employed in ethnographers and other types of social research. Advocacy and liberating frameworks also accept a multiplicity of realities derive d from social, economic, cultural, and political milieus. This philosophy involves research that advocates freedom from oppression and is a common framework for education research studies involving minorities or socially oppressed groups of people (Fire, 1970). Pragmatism is not focused on defining a real or socially constructed reality, but seeks practical answers to promulgate correct practices and programs (Ladino, Spaulding, Vogel, 201 0, p. 16). Pragmatists frequently use a mixed-methods approach to research for analyzing quantitative and qualitative data. Case studies utilize the methods of pragmatism (p. 60). Conceptual and Theoretical Frameworks A framework can be created through Concepts or theories (Ladino, Spaulding, Vogel, 2010, p. 13). A conceptual framework shows ideas or variables in a cogent and sequential manner, whereas a theoretical framework focuses on identifying the possible relationships among the ideas or concepts and develops theories for these relationships (Niagara, 2012). These theories provide a foundation for the beginnings of an investigation and help maintain a focus for the direction of a study. A conceptual framework can also be defined as a structure that describes the natural progression of a phenomenon through a theoretical framework that gives an explanation of how some constituents of the phenomenon may be related (Camp, 2001). In summary, a conceptual framework may elucidate concepts Of a study but it does not explain the relationships among the ideas or variables, whereas a theoretical framework can explain the associations among variables and how these associations relate to the research investigation (Science, n. D. ). Core Concepts of Research Design The research question is the basis for the research study and should include ethical guidelines (Ladino, Spaulding, Vogel, 201 0, p. 388). It identifies dependent and independent variables in causal-comparative search and it targets variables that are expected to be related in correlation studies (up. 388-389). In quantitative studies, the research question is clarified by the hypothesis which is a declarative statement or tentative position of the identified problem (Drew, Yardman, Hose, 2008, p. 78). Unlike quantitative investigations, the research questions in qualitative studies focus more on processes than on outcomes (p. 389). Once the research question has been refined to a specific idea, then the statement Of purpose for the study can be expressed in clear and concise terms (Ladino, Spaulding, Vogel, 2010, p. 89). The specificity of the research question and the distinct purpose of the study are derivatives of the literature review which ma inly focuses on primary, peer-reviewed articles related to the research question. You read "Research Knowledge and Assessment" in category "Free Research Paper Samples" Population and Sample Inferential statistics utilizes a subset from a population called a sample. Research results derived from the sample may be generalized to the population from which it was derived. However, in order for a study to produce accurate results and conclusions from a sample, it is important to differentiate between a theoretical population and an accessible population Social Research Methods, 2006). The theoretical population should possess well-defined characteristics related to the variables to be studied in the sample. An accessible population may be available for a study, but if its traits are not circumscribed within the sample it produces, the accuracy of the research is comport used (Expellable, 2009). Variables and Research If endings A variable is an object or entity that has different quantitative or qualitative values depending on the circumstance in a study (Ho, 2010, p. 127). In educational research, a variable can also be defined as a measurable hypothetical concept (construct) that has been developed from a theoretical framework (Ladino, Spaulding, Vogel, 2010, p. 3). When these variables are translated into data, the findings can be reported quantitatively, qualitatively, or quantitatively and qualitatively. Quantitative findings are numerical in nature and can be reported through Pearson-product moment correlations, multiple-regression analysis, t-test, chi-square, and other tests (p. 305). Qualitative findings may be reported through the use of triangulation techniques, coding, them es, and other procedures (up. 189-193). Assumptions, Limitations, and Delimitation’s Assumptions are constituents of a study which may not be under the control of the researcher, but their disappearance in a study would make it irrelevant (Simon, 2011). Limitations are uncontrollable, potential weaknesses in a study, whereas delimitation’s are controllable characteristics that limit the scope and define the boundaries of a study (p. 2). This is why these three factors must be considered when research is conducted. Validity and Reliability Validity describes the accuracy and appropriateness of measures while reliability refers to the consistency of the measurements (Ladino, Spaulding, Vogel, 2010). In quantitative research, validity can be defined in terms of a construct which determines the type of data to be collected and the way in which the information is to be gathered (Winner Braun, 1998). Validity in qualitative research was defined by Slashing (2003) as â€Å"quality, rigor and trustworthiness† (p. 02). The internal validity of a study can be affected by observations, selection of informants for maximum variability, selection Of participants, and improper or misguided conclusions, whereas external validity can be influenced by types of selection procedures, kinds of settings n which experiments are conducted, historical consequences from the lives of participants, and the variations in the meanings of constructs across time, environments, and populations (Michael, n. D. ). Reliability can be illustrated through consistent results after repeated evaluations show a continuous stability of measurements for a given period of time (Kirk Miller, 1986). Reliability has been defined by Cope (2000) as â€Å"The extent to which results are consistent over time and [accurately represent] the total population under study†¦ If the results of a study can be reproduced under a animal methodology, then the research instrument is [also] considered to be reliable. † (p. 1). However, Slashing (2003) cautions that a research instrument which measures consistently may not be measuring accurately. Hence, these inaccuracies of measurement make the research instrument invalid and controvert the internal consistency and reliability of the research. Internal reliability can be affected by inference descriptors, a researchers selections of data, and the interpretations of the data by the researcher (Bloom, n. D. ). External reliability can be influenced by situational contexts that effect the information retrieved from participants, data collection, analysis methodology, and constructs (Slashing, 2003). Other Approaches to Unlike research investigations, program evaluations are critiqued regarding their immediate impact on what was observed and studied (Ladino, Spaulding, Vogel, 2010). A program can be defined as a group of detailed activities with measurable objectives (p. 363). The purpose of evaluating a program is to make a decision on a course of action, whereas a research study provides information about a particular topic or practice. Program valuations use formative and summarize processes. These processes involve collecting information while the program occurs and measuring results at the end of the program to determine â€Å"†¦ Owe those outcomes related to the overall†¦ Program and its success. † (p. 366). Once these processes have been deduced, the findings can be used to improve education There are evaluation models that can be applied through practices. These formative and summarize approaches. All models of evaluation contribute to the development of the evaluation plan, capacity, data collection, data, analysis, and reporting procedures of the study. The most common model for program evaluation is the objective-based approach which assesses the overall purpose of the program and defines the type of information to be collected for evaluation. This approach also utilizes benchmarks or quantitative goals that participants are expected to obtain to ensure the success of the program. Among other program evaluation templates, the logic model measures progress at each phase of the curriculum while operating on the assumption that a rational sequence Of events must happen in order to produce the final results of the program (p. 373). These sequences of events begin with resources or inputs which create actions or activities that lead to changes in the participants (p. 374). These changes or outcomes verify the efficacy or inefficacy of the program. In other words, the logic approach is a picture of how the program works through the theories and assumptions underlying the program (W. K. Kellogg Foundation, 2004). The logic model is commonly used for program evaluations in health education because it can illustrate the infrastructure of a program model while integrating the activities of the clinical educators and patients (Centers or Diseases Control and Prevention, 1 999): A detailed logic model can†¦ Threaten claims of causality and be a basis for estimating the program’s effect on endpoints that are not directly measured but are linked in a causal chain supported by prior research†¦ Logic models can be created to display a program at different levels of detail, from different perspectives, or for different audiences. (p. 9). It is imperative in health education to identify causal relationships among variables of patient care and clini cal erudition paradigms. This is why the logic approach is such a good choice for evaluating these types of programs. Program evaluations possess benefits and shortcomings. One advantage of program evaluations is the immediate application of the information to a setting or environment for implementing improvements and other efficacious changes. Examples of disadvantages in program evaluations include the lack of available assets for improving program deficiencies identified through formative processes and the subjectivity of an internal evaluator who may have preconceived ideas about what the program outcomes should be. The focus of effective education is action (Spencer, n. . ). Action research in education has been scribed as research accomplished by teachers to provide insights for themselves (Mills, 201 1). It is also a way for teachers to work collaboratively with each other with education administrators, and with stakeholders to improve classroom instruction and the learning potential of students (C. A. R. Madison Metropolitan School District, 2010). The primary purpose of action research is t o change and improve educational environments and outcomes (Ladino, Spaulding, Vogel, 2010). The stages in conducting action research are sequential and cyclical (Classroom Action Research, 2012). These steps are illustrated in Figure 3. The diagram in the illustration implies important ideas regarding the structure of action research. This Structure should include ways to clearly define an issue, to challenge the assumptions and views of the researcher conducting the study, to develop a concise plan for data collection, to encourage collaboration between the researcher and peers, and to provide evidence for practice improvement (Ladino, Spaulding, Vogel, 2010). How to cite Research Knowledge and Assessment, Essays

External Environment of BMW Organization †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the External Environment of BMW Organization. Answer: Introduction A business organization comprises of a group of people or individuals who are targeted towards some common commercial goals. The business organizations operate in an external environment; therefore, the external environmental factors impact on the operations of the business organizations. However, these external factors cannot be controlled by the business organizations. They need to adapt themselves according to the external environment. In addition to it, when beginning a new business venture in a different location, the organization needs to identify the external factors and their impact on the business operations. If the external factors do not align with the goals or the vision of the organization, the business venture can remain unfruitful (Thompson Martin, 2010). Therefore, the business organizations employ a large number of techniques to evaluate and analyse the external environment of a business organization. The most common tool for the external environment analysis is PES TEL analysis. The PESTEL analysis is the acronym for political, economic, social, technological, environmental and the legal factors. All these factors together, impacts on the business operations and the profitability of the organization. The external environment analysis is important for the business organization as it helps them in analysing that the business venture will be successful or not. It also increases the knowledge regarding the current market structure and changes. Therefore, this tool can be used by the business organizations in adapting themselves according to the changes in the market (Cole, 2003). External environment analysis is a strategic tool which assists the organization in forming strategies to curb the market competition. In this regard, the current report will examine the external environment of a BMW in Europe. The company is the manufacturer of luxury cars and sell cars all across the globe. BMW is a German car manufacturing company which is also les popularly known as Bayerische Motoren WErke AG. It is a Germany-based company which sells luxury vehicles all across the globe. The company was founded in 1916 and has headquarters in Munich, Bavaria. The organization is considered as the best-selling luxury automakers in the world. A PESTLE analysis of the company has been conducted to examine the market structure and the impact of the external factors on the environment. Company Overview Originally named as Bayerische Motoren WErke AG, the company is popularly known as BMW all across the globe. It is one of the most popular luxury vehicle, motorcycle and engine manufacturing company. It is one of the most popular automakers in the world. The headquarters of the company are located in Munich, Bavaria. It also manufactures Rolls-Royce Motor Cars and plug-in electric cars. The company is conducts responsible business and is the member of US Environmental Protection Agency and National Environmental Achievement Track which states that the companies should be recognised according to their environmental performance and stewardship. It is considered as one of the sustainable automotive company and it the part of several environmental programs (Frynas, Mellahi, 2015). It has production units all across the globe and makes efforts to product the most sustainable and environmentally friendly cars. In order to attract the customers in different locations, the company has devel oped exhaustive marketing plan. The audio and the roundel logo of the company are quite popular among the car enthusiasts. The company advertise its vehicles as the ultimate driving machine. It also promotes the car as approachable, attractive and having better appeal to women. The company is pioneer in environmental sustainability initiatives. The electric plug in car is an innovative model of the organization. The cars can be charges prior to their use and has the potential to give competition to the pubic vehicle. It has also developed electric batteries with double capacity and has also started deploying electric trucks in the European countries. It has become the first company to enthusiastically encourage electric vehicles on the roads. PESTEL Analysis PESTEL analysis is the macro analysis framework which examines the external factors of a business organization. It is an environmental scanning component of the strategic management. PESTEL analysis gives a strategic analysis or conducts market research regarding different macro-environmental factors related which may impact on the organization. There are four basic components of PEST analysis. The political factors refer to the impact of government on the economy. The political factors refer to tax policy, labour law, environmental law and the trade restrictions. The political stability also impacts on the business of the organization. If there are frequent changes in the political structure of a country, then the operations of the organization may halt due to changes in the legislations. Other than that, there are several economic factors which may impact on the business of the organization. The economic factors include economic growth, interest rates, exchange rates and the inflat ion rates. The economic factors of a country may impact on how business organizations operate in the organization. The interest rates affects a firms capital requirements and on the growth and the business of the organization (Henry, 2011). The exchange rate of the currency also impacts on the growth and the business of the organization. In addition to it, there are several social factors which may impact on the business operations. The cultural factors include the health awareness, population growth, age distribution and the attitudes towards the professional life. The technological factors involves the technical aspects such as the integration of technology in the infrastructure of the firms. It encompasses aspects such as population growth rate, age distribution and safety awareness of the people. Recently, two other factors are also added in the PEST analysis, namely, legal factors and the environmental factors. The legal factors refer to different laws such as the employment laws, health and safety laws and the antitrust laws. These laws impact on the operations, productivity and the eventual profitability of the organization. In the recent years, there is increased concern for the environmental impact of the busin ess organizations. The environmental impacts include the changes in weather or climate which is influenced by the operations of the organization. The environment has a strong impact on the tourism, farming and the insurance industry. The climatic change impacts on the operations of the company and the product offering (Jeffs, 2008). BMW has production and the distribution units all across the globe. The sales and the marketing activities of the organization are impacted by the external environmental factors. In this regard, the external environment of BMW in Europe has been evaluated in the present section. Political Factors: There is a possible range of the political factors which impact on the business operations of BMW in several ways. The government of different countries have regulated the car manufacturing business as they are the major source of pollution. The government enforces new laws related to CO2 emission and the recycling of the vehicles. The political stability and the outlook of the government also impacts on the business of the organization. The taxation structure and the export-import duties in the organization impact on the business. In the recent years, the government has produced new legislations to encourage the production high mileage cars which may also impact on the business of the automobile industry. Economic Factors There are a wide range of the economic factors which may impact on the car manufacturing organizations. The performance and the profitability of the car manufacturing company are influenced by the GDP fluctuations and the economic growth rate of the country. The inflation rate is another important factor which influence of sales and the business of the organization (Cadle, Paul Turner, 2010). The company has to increase the price of its products according to the inflation rate. The inflation rate of the countries also impacts on sales rate of the products. However, the reduction in the Euro exchange rate will impact on the business of the organization. However, with the increased demands in the developing countries, the business of the company is growing drastically (Thompson Martin, 2010). Moreover, GDP fluctuations in the European Union countries can impact on the performance on the consumer spending in these countries. Therefore, it will drastically impact on the profit in these countries. Social Factors: The culture in which the countries operate can impact on the business operations of the company. There are several differences between the cultures of different countries as each individual country has different values, attitudes and beliefs. The culture of the geographical location affects the preference and the choice of the consumers. The culture of the country also impacts on the attitude towards working, education, training and ethics of the people (Thompson Martin, 2010). Therefore, while setting up operation in a foreign country, the company has to examine the attitude of the foreign workers for forecasting the productivity of the employees. There are a number of social factors such as culture, lifestyle and the changes in the demographics which may impact on the business of the organization. The social factors and the environment impact on the buying choice and the preference of the customers. The changes in the social pattern impact on the customer choice. The brand image of the organization associates develops the status symbol of the car. Moreover, currently a large number of customers are aware regarding the environmental impact of their business activities and try to control their activities so that there is minimal impact on the environment. They are attracted towards the sustainable organizations and environmentally-friendly products (Freeman, 2010). Technological Factors: Technology is a significant factor which may impact on the business of operations. The companies use technology to gain a competitive advantage over other companies. In addition, the companies use new and sophisticated technology to increase the profit margins. There are also certain technological modifications or changes which can be implemented to prevent environmental pollution (Analoui Karami, 2003). In the recent years, there is increased customer awareness regarding the global warming, greenhouse effect and create burnout among the employees. As a result, the preference of the customers is shifting towards eco-friendly cars, hybrid cars and fuel cell cars (Varbanova, 2013). Most of the countries all across the globe are also forming legislations curb pollution level. The customers are also inclining towards the use of more eco-friendly cars, hybrid cars and fuel cars. Environmental Factors With the increased awareness regarding the environmental impact of the automobile industry and the phenomenon of global warming, the government has made several legislations to control the negative impact on the environment. These laws control the production level, emissions from the manufacturing plants and health and safety of the employees. Legal Factors The automobile industry is regulated by several laws. Firstly, the government has imposed several legislations related to the environmental pollution. The companies are also encouraged to engage in innovative techniques which can address the issue of environmental impact. In addition to it, the company also faces the laws related to the taxation structure and excise duties (Mannix Wheeler, 2017). The government has also imposed several laws related to the engine manufacturing so that there is minimal level of environmental pollution. Conclusion It can be concluded that PESTEL analysis is a strategic framework for the analysis of the macro environment of an organization. A business organization operates in external environment and needs to acclimatize to the changes in the external factors. The macro environment has a significant impact on the operations and the profitability of the organization. The PESTEL analysis is the most common tool for the analysis of the external environment. BMW is a part of the automobile industry and; therefore, it will be influenced by several external factors. These factors may impact on the business of the organizations. BMW is the leading luxury car manufacturer headquartered in Germany. The company is one of the leading in the automobile industry. There are several political factors such as political stability, government legislations and environmental laws which may impact on the business of the organizations. In addition, the economy of country, growth rate and the GDP of a country also influences on the purchasing power of the people. The social factors refer to the cultural factors which may impact on the preference of the customers. It refers to the demographic characteristics, lifestyle and the health preference of the consumers. References Analoui, F., Karami, A. (2003). Strategic Management in Small and Medium Enterprises. Cengage Learning EMEA. Cadle, J., Paul, D., Turner, P. (2010). Business Analysis Techniques: 72 Essential Tools for Success. BCS, The Chartered Institute. Cole, G.A. (2003). Strategic Management. Cengage Learning EMEA. Cole, G.A. (2003). Strategic Management. Cengage Learning EMEA. Drive Arabia. (2017). BMW Saudi Arabia prices reviews. [Online]. Available at: https://www.drivearabia.com/carprices/ksa/bmw/ [Accessed on: 27 July 2017]. Freeman, R.E. (2010). Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach. Cambridge University Press. Frynas, J.G., Mellahi, K. (2015). Global Strategic Management. Oxford University Press. Frynas, J.G., Mellahi, K. (2015). Global Strategic Management. Oxford University Press. Henry, A. (2011). Understanding Strategic Management. OUP Oxford. Hitt, M., Ireland, D., Hoskisson, R. (2006). Strategic Management: Concepts and Cases. Cengage Learning. Jeffs, C. (2008). Strategic Management. SAGE. Mannix, K., Wheeler, A. (2017). The history of BMW. Telegraph. . [Online]. Available at: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/cars/bmw/history-bmw/ [Accessed on: 27 July 2017]. Sadler, P. (2003). Strategic Management. Kogan Page Publishers. Thompson, J.L., Martin, F. (2010). Strategic Management: Awareness Change. Cengage Learning EMEA. Thompson, J.L., Martin, F. (2010). Strategic Management: Awareness Change. Cengage Learning EMEA. Thompson, J.L., Martin, F. (2010). Strategic Management: Awareness Change. Cengage Learning EMEA. Varbanova, L. (2013). Strategic Management in the Arts. Routledge.